A scope is utter overkill for all but the most finicky of listeners. Setting gains with a DMM is nice, but not necessary either. Anyone who can hear can set a gain with plenty of accuracy to keep their speakers safe and get good sound.
It sounds like your amp is the p1100.2. That is a 550w amp, optimally, and bridged to 8 ohms it will be around 1/2 that much (<150w per sub).
IF you DID blow a sub and you WERE wired to 8 ohms it was not due to clipping or too much power. It would have just been a defective sub. However, the fact that you were blowing the fuse makes me think you weren't wired to 8 ohms.
First thing I would do is put in a bigger fuse on the 8 ga wire. If it's 10-12' 60A is okay. If it's longer use a 50A.
Hopefully your subs were/will be wired something like this:
To set the gain set all your HU controls to the middle of their range -- bass/treble/sub output. Turn EQ's/filters/bass boost off.
On the amp set the gain (level) to 5v, the x-over to lpf, lpf dial to about 10 o'clock, bass eq at zero. HPF dial will be inactive. Mode switch to mono.
Put in your favorite CD - it should have at least SOME bass.
Turn the HU up to about 3/4 volume.
Turn the amp's level dial up until the subs get sloppy. Always nice to have a 2nd person nearby to get their opinion too. Missing a little one way or the other isn't a big deal.
That's all there is to it.