Originally posted by ExDelayed:
How many mA do the LEDs consume? It will tell you on the front of the Radio Shack package (I have one in front of me now). That will also be needed to figure out how strong the resistors need to be.
Right now we have this:
9.3 * (1000/mA) = needed resistance
When you find the resistance, divide that into 1000. Times that by 9.3. That will tell you how many ohms of resistance is needed to protect the lamps. A lower number will overrun the lights and they will die quicker. A higher number will make them dimmer.
Actually, it's 8.3V not 9.3V. To clarify, here's some more info:
To calculate the proper value of the resistor, you need to know: 1) the forward voltage and current of the LED (printed on the pkg, sometimes as a range), 2) the voltage of the supply (12V in automotive applications). The resistors serve to drop the supply voltage (12V) to the operating voltage of the LED.
For example, your LED has an operating voltage of 3.7V. That means you need a resistor that will 'absorb' 8.3V (12V - 3.7V). To calculate that, you use Ohm's Law, V = I*R (voltage = current * resistance). Let's assume your LED consumes 50 mA of current (check the box). So in your case:
A) V = I * R
B) 8.3V = 0.05A (50 mA = 0.05 A) * R
C) R = 8.3V / 0.05A
D) R = 166 Ohms
You probably won't find an exact 166 Ohm resistor, but anywhere within 5% is fine. If you have spare resistors sitting around, you might be able to use them. Using them in series:
R(final) = R1 + R2 + R3...
In parallel:
1/R(final) = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3...
And lastly, if you use two LEDs in series (hook the legs positive to negative), you add the voltage requirements, then compute. To use LEDs in parallel (positive legs together, negative together), you add the current requirements instead. HTH...