it could be neither. i doubt john walker lindh was taken in by the taliban and terror affiliates by chance...
personally i'm undecided on the idea of profiling for 3 reasons:
1) it may inflame muslims who were unlikely to be sympathizers before to relate to the extremist pov and give them a larger underground base of support/recruitment here.
2) not sure how effectivene it would be in the US in a post 9/11 environment. everyone keeps a close eye on people of ME/arab appearance. they are under a very close microscope by the general population as well as security forces. suspected terror cells/groups can still be investigated through the patriot act.
3) slippery slope and likelihood of profiling to be abused.