Open loop on cold start until the O2's start switching. No more than a minute or two. My car doesn't move until the O2s switch a few times.
Then it runs on a "cold coolant" table, basically a little richer in order to get the car up to operating temp. Until the ECT is above a certain value.
The PCM goes out of closed loop mode somewhere in the ballpark of 20% TPS and into power open loop mode. Also goes into open loop deceleration at high RPM and 0% TPS. It certainly still uses the TPS all the time, even if it is in open loop mode. Open loop only means the O2s get ignored, but MAF, TPS, ECT, IAT, and all the other sensors that are used to calulate fuel needs are used.